Monday, June 7, 2021

Will Edge Computing be a Functional Substitute for Network Slicing?

Among possible new revenue sources created by 5G, network slicing is expected to support advanced connectivity use cases for enterprises and governments that are primarily, though not exclusively, driven by untethered end points. 


In fact, many observers now believe 5G revenue growth will be disproportionately driven by new use cases and value for enterprise, business and government, with network slicing, internet of things connectivity and edge computing among the lead candidates for significant new revenues. 


Compared to today’s private enterprise networks, which are isolated and private, network slices represent virtual private networks that are public (wide area) and isolated. In other words, a network slice provides end point networking similar to that provided by any 4G or 5G mobile network, but with features optimized for a use case, and logically separated, as would be the case for a virtual private network. 


For enterprise or government end users, network slicing can enhance security and improve robustness. In the former case, any attacks are limited to a specific slice. In the latter case, network issues in other slices, or the public network, do not affect a particular slice. 


The issue is how much additional 5G revenue lift might be possible, from network slicing, for example. Some believe the connectivity portion of the market is fairly small, despite the hype. 


How small? Less than $1 billion globally by 2026. That is hardly a “market” at all, by global telecom standards. That noted, value sometimes is monetized in other ways, such as higher new account rates, lower churn, higher gross revenue, lower capex, lower opex or some combination of those benefits. 


And, if that happens, it will in large part be because business buyers of networking solutions have found some other way of solving those problems. Edge computing, for example, is a functional substitute for network slicing as a means of reducing application latency or bandwidth availability. 


source: GM Insights 


A network slice is a virtual network created through a 5G core network able to maintain private network features all the way to the end point. In principle, a network slice should be easier and faster to create and tear down, with advantages for temporary networks or use cases including disaster recovery, large events or other instances where unexpected--but temporary--demand emerges.  

 source: Nokia


Low-latency use cases also are candidates for network slicing. Mobile gaming is one consumer use case while internet of things applications are the best examples of enterprise or government use cases. But edge computing also offers solutions to such problems. 


Network slicing allows creation of virtual networks whose characteristics (bandwidth, speed, latency, reliability, and security) can be optimized. Network slicing offers a way to create virtual networks with performance characteristics optimized for lead applications. But buyers also can use dedicated private virtual or physical networks to solve many of the same problems network slicing is touted to address, including availability guarantees or other quality of service levels.


Processing speed also can be assured using private networks or edge computing. 


Mobile gaming using virtual reality or artificial reality might benefit from latency and bandwidth assurances provided by network slicing. Other use cases in the financial industry might benefit from enhanced security and network availability guarantees. Again, the issue is whether network slicing is the way to do so with lowest total cost of ownership and effectiveness. 


In the fleet management industry, different core functions might benefit from use of distinct network slices. Low latency and ultra-reliable performance might be best for  traffic notification, where infotainment requires higher bandwidth but less need for low latency or robustness. 


It is conceivable network slicing protects core transport bandwidth for fixed wireless operations, since fixed wireless peak bandwidth usage might be an order of magnitude higher than typical mobile data requirements. 


Quality of service also has been a driver of product pricing differentiation. Business services with QoS guarantees, support services reaction times and financial advantages for customers if the policies are violated, have been a staple of communications product pricing for decades, and network slices might be a new way to provide such services. 


The ability to support 5G network slicing in the core network, all the way to the mobile edge, is supposed to create new product capabilities, such as networks optimized for particular parameters. That might be among the strongest drivers of network slicing value, as QoS measures are assured to the actual device level (technically the access radio level). 


It would be fair to note that connectivity providers often have developed and offered  many features and services they  believed customers would want. The catch is that revenue for connectivity providers is the cost for enterprises, businesses and consumers who are asked to buy and use the features and services. 


If ultra-low-latency applications are those which could benefit from network slices, one alternative is to do commuting at the edge, and not sending data across wide area networks that are optimized for low latency. In other words, edge computing might often be a functional substitute for network slicing.  


In many use cases, the value of ultra-low-latency computing is supplied by edge computing services, with non-real time backup across wide area networks. 


Perhaps ironically, consumer customers who have few other alternatives might be good candidates for internet access with quality of service features a network slice offered by a connectivity provider, providing governments deem this lawful. Network neutrality rules often var the offering of consumer services with quality of service guarantees, for example. 


Gaming services, work-from-home conferencing and ultra-high-definition video are among potential consumer use cases for network slicing, where lawful.


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